A retrospective analysis of ultrasound neuromodulation therapy using transcranial pulse stimulation in 58 dementia patients

BACKGROUND: Novel ultrasound neuromodulation techniques allow therapeutic brain stimulation with unmet precision and non-invasive targeting of deep brain areas. Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS), a multifrequency sonication technique, is approved for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we present the largest real-world retrospective analysis of ultrasound neuromodulation therapy in dementia (AD, vascular, mixed) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: The consecutive sample involved 58 patients already receiving state-of-the-art treatment in an open-label, uncontrolled, retrospective study. TPS therapy typically comprises 10 sessions (range 8-12) with individualized MRI-based target areas defined according to brain pathology and individual pathophysiology. We compared the CERAD-Plus neuropsychological test battery results before and after treatment, with the CERAD Corrected Total Score ( CTS) as the primary outcome. Furthermore, we analyzed side effects reported by patients during the treatment period. RESULTS: = 19.44). The group of top-responders (top quartile) improved even by 9.8 points. Fewer than one-third of all patients reported any sensation during treatment. Fatigue and transient headaches were the most common, with no severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The findings implicate TPS as a novel and safe add-on therapy for patients with dementia or MCI with the potential to further improve current state-of-the-art treatment results. Despite the individual benefits, further randomized, sham-controlled, longitudinal clinical trials are needed to differentiate the effects of verum and placebo.