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The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has sparked growing interest in their potential applications within urban planning. These models offer novel capabilities in natural language processing tasks, potentially providing advanced support across various aspects of urban planning. Despite the promises, little is known about how and to what extent LLMs have been applied in the planning literature. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The review depicts five key domains where LLMs are being applied in urban planning: (a) planning and management; (b) public services and participation; (c) transportation and urban mobility; (d) environmental monitoring and sustainability; and (e) urban design and architecture. Additionally, the review identifies four essential characteristics that LLMs should possess to be effective in urban planning: (a) professionalism; (b) inclusivity; (c) trustworthiness; and (e) convenience. Considering the findings, a conceptual framework is developed that illustrates how these characteristics enhance the flexibility and effectiveness of LLMs in supporting urban planning tasks. This framework offers a theoretical foundation for urban planners to effectively integrate LLMs into practice and provides a roadmap for future research and technological innovations in the application of LLMs within urban environments.
Liu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.