Pharmacokinetic and phytochemical screening of Allium subhirsutum leaves for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties

This study aimed to screen the phytochemical composition of the leaves of Allium subhirsutum L. methanolic extract (ASE) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were examined using combined approaches: in silico, in vitro and in vivo on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats. Inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and fibrinogen) oxidative injury parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced oxidation of protein products, catalas, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) levels were assessed in the inflamed paws and compared to controls. The identified compounds in ASE possessed acceptable pharmacokinetic and ADMET (for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties. They bound the targeted receptors (Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and Gyrase of S. aureus, Human peroxiredoxin 5 and Cyclooxygenase-2) with acceptable affinities and established strong molecular interactions. ASE exhibited bacteriostatic and fungistatic action against different tested microbial strains. Moreover, histological examinations of paw edema revealed that ASE (given by gavage at 100 mg/kg BW for 10 days) ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress status as outlined by anti-edematous, antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers. Our investigation provided evidence that ASE could be useful in the management of oxidative stress, bacterial infections and acute inflammation. The results of the in silico assay supported these effects.