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Water electrolysis suffers from electron transfer barriers during oxygen evolution reactions, which are spin-related for magnetic materials. Here, the electron transfer at the Fe₆₄Ni₃₆-FeNiOₗHₘ interface is effectively accelerated when the electrode is heated to trigger the Invar effect in Fe₆₄Ni₃₆ Invar alloy, providing more unoccupied orbitals as electron transfer channels without pairing energy. As a result of thermally stimulated changes in electronic states, Fe₆₄Ni₃₆/FeNiOₗHₘ achieved a cascaded oxidation of the catalytic center and water. Unlike direct modifications made by varying compositions and synthesis, regulating electronic states by energy field opens a new avenue to discover materials with energy coupling effects.
Lu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.