Copper-Promoted Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Cross-Coupling with Boronic Acids and Derivatives

The discovery of the copper-promoted Chan-Lam coupling reaction with boronic acids more than ten years ago has greatly advanced the carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling chemistry. The N-arylation/O-arylation methodology is now a powerful new synthetic tool, made even more attractive by the mild conditions required. Significant progress has been made in expanding the scope and the applications as well as understanding the mechanism of this reaction. This review includes an examination of various C-X cross-couplings using boronic acids and their derivatives, and a survey of the mechanistic studies that have been carried out.