Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Complexes

In this review, we survey the use of extreme ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy to measure electronic and vibrational dynamics in transition metal complexes. Photons in this 30–100 eV energy range probe 3 p → 3 d transitions for 3 d metals and 4 f , 5 p → 5 d transitions in 5 d metals, and the resulting spectra are sensitive to the spin state, oxidation state, and ligand field of the metal. Furthermore, the energy of the core level depends on the metal, providing elemental specificity. Use of tabletop high-harmonic sources allows these spectra to be measured with femtosecond to attosecond time resolution in a standard laser laboratory, revealing short-lived states in chromophores and photocatalysts that were unresolved using other techniques.