Key result
Gestational diabetes and hypertension are linked to impaired fetal biventricular systolic and diastolic function.
Why the study?
It was unclear whether maternal age, BMI, hypertension, or gestational diabetes mellitus affect fetal cardiac function in the second trimester.
Do maternal conditions such as gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, elevated BMI, and advanced age impair fetal cardiac function in the second trimester?
Cross-Sectional (n=329)
No
Do maternal conditions such as gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, elevated BMI, and advanced age impair fetal cardiac function in the second trimester?
Maternal conditions, specifically gestational diabetes and hypertension, can independently and directly impair fetal cardiac systolic and diastolic function as early as the second trimester.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Maternal GDM and hypertension may impair second-trimester fetal cardiac function; cross-sectional data leave open causality and need for prospective validation.
OBJECTIVE: Maternal health has a direct, profound and lasting effect on the formation and development of the fetal cardiovascular system. The aim of this research was to find whether maternal age, BMI hypertension (GH) or gestational diabetic mellitus (GDM) would affect fetal cardiac function in the second trimester. METHOD: 329 mothers who had a fetal echocardiogram examination at the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai, China, from 1 January 2020 to 30 April 2020 were enrolled at the gestational age of 21 to 26 weeks (mean 22.78 ± 1.13 weeks). Single-factor analysis and multi-factor line regression analysis were used to find the contribution values of each factor to fetal cardiac function. RESULTS: at the second trimester, maternal age had a minor influence on the fetal left ventricle diastolic function. Higher maternal BMI could cause a decrease in the fetal diastolic function of both the left and right ventricle and the systolic function of the left ventricle. Maternal hypertension and gestational diabetic mellitus had a profound influence on both the left and right fetal heart ventricles of both systolic and diastolic function. CONCLUSION: maternal condition will have a profound influence on fetal cardiac function as early as the second trimester.
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Yao et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Fetal cardiac function in relation to maternal pregnancy conditions (n=329). Maternal conditions (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, elevated BMI, advanced age) vs. Healthy/normal maternal conditions (without gestational diabetes or hypertension, normal BMI, younger age) was evaluated on Fetal cardiac function indexes (left and right Tei index, E/A ratio, ventricular filling and ejection times) (p=<0.05). Maternal gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension significantly impaired both fetal left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic function, as evidenced by increased Tei indices and decreased E/A ratios.
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