A new R0 value for Na−O bonds of 1.756(42) Å was determined from 301 NaOn complexes. The bond valence sum analysis suggests a covalent interaction of the Na+ ion with aromatic rings and/or organic anions. The BVS analysis of Na(15-crown-5)+ cation complexes requires additional bonding interactions which can be used to explain the enhanced stability of the cation complex both in solution and in the solid state relative to that in the gas phase.
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Wood et al. (1999) studied this question.
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