Key result
Unstable angina accounts for ~68% of ACS cases in Haryana, with smoking the top risk factor.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in India, yet few large registries on acute coronary syndrome exist in the country.
Observational (n=400)
No
This study highlights that unstable angina is the most common ACS presentation in this rural Indian population, with smoking as the leading risk factor and significant delays in receiving definitive treatment.
Adds Indian tertiary-center ACS data; leaves open generalizability and need for prospective outcome studies.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in India, with coronary artery disease (CAD) accounting for a majority of the deaths. There are few large registries on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from India. Our aim is to study the clinical and epidemiological profile of ACS PATIENTS presenting to our institute, including their angiographic features. Methods: This hospital-based observational, single tertiary care center, prospective study was conducted on patients admitted in the Department of Cardiology at a tertiary care center in Haryana. The study included 400 patients aged greater than 18 years who were admitted with the diagnosis of ACS, and it was carried out for 1 year. The epidemiological profile, clinical history, risk factors, electrocardiogram findings, and angiographic pattern were studied and analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. Results: The mean age of the study population was 55.12 ± 11.78 years. Male and female ratio was 2.4:1. The majority of the patients came from rural background (80%); 24% of the patients were illiterate. Smoking was the most common risk factor (51.5%) in our study population followed by hypertension (40%) and diabetes (28%). Unstable angina was the most common type of ACS, which was found in 68.25% of patients. Premature CAD was found in 27.8% of patients and obstructive CAD was found in 63% of patients. Coronary angiography revealed that 39% had single vessel disease (SVD), 23.5% had double vessel disease (DVD), and 27.5% had triple vessel disease (TVD). LAD was more commonly involved, followed by RCA and LCX. Within the first 24 hours, 67% of patients sought medical assistance and only 38.5% received definitive treatment, suggesting a delay in seeking definitive treatment in our study population. Conclusion: The study suggests that unstable angina is the most common form of ACS in the study population, which is mostly of rural background with significant delay in seeking medical help. Smoking is the most common risk factor in the study population.
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Sandal et al. (2024) conducted an observational in Acute Coronary Syndrome (n=400). Acute Coronary Syndrome was evaluated on Epidemiological, clinical, and angiographic profile. In a cohort of 400 patients with acute coronary syndrome in Haryana, unstable angina was the most common presentation (68.25%), and smoking was the most prevalent risk factor (51.5%).
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