Piezo–pyro–photoelectric effects induced coupling enhancement of charge quantity in BaTiO ₃ materials for simultaneously scavenging light and vibration energies

A unique piezo–pyro–photoelectric effects-induced coupling enhancement of charge quantity is achieved by piezo–pyro–photoelectric coupling effects in BaTiO ₃ materials, which holds great promise for intelligent energy generation from the ambient environment and potential applications in self-powered micro/nano-devices.