Efficacy of memory aids after traumatic brain injury: A single case series

BACKGROUND: Individuals living with traumatic brain injury commonly have difficulties with prospective memory-the ability to remember a planned action at the intended time. Traditionally a memory notebook has been recommended as a compensatory memory aid. Electronic devices have the advantage of providing a cue at the appropriate time to remind participants to refer to the memory aid and complete tasks. Research suggests these have potential benefit in neurorehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a memory notebook and specifically a smartphone as a compensatory memory aid. METHODS: A single case series design was used to assess seven participants. A no-intervention baseline was followed by training and intervention with either the smartphone alone, or a memory notebook and later the smartphone. Memory was assessed with weekly assigned memory tasks. RESULTS: Participants using a smartphone showed improvements in their ability to complete assigned memory tasks accurately and within the assigned time periods. Use of a smartphone provided additional benefits over and above those already seen for those who received a memory notebook first. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphones have the potential to be a useful and cost effective tool in neurorehabilitation practice.