What can we learn from visual and objective assessment of non‐lame and lame horses in straight lines, on the lunge and ridden?

Summary Traditionally and when using objective gait analysis, horses with and without lameness are most frequently assessed trotting in straight lines in hand. Valuable information can be gained from assessment on the lunge and ridden in walk, trot and canter. No studies have quantified lameness during all aforementioned conditions and gaits at once, despite the rapid recent development in equine gait analysis methods. Objective methodologies, previously confined to gait laboratories, are currently being expanded to field technologies using accelerometers and inertial measurement units ( IMU s). This publication aims to describe normal gait and the spectrum of pain‐related gait abnormalities and other musculoskeletal adaptations to pain that can be observed in walk, trot and canter during in hand and ridden assessment in straight lines and on a circle on hard and soft surfaces. In addition, it aims to describe briefly how IMU s have been used and areas for further research in the light of what we know from subjective lameness examinations and what is possible with IMU s.