Dynamical analysis of an age-structured tuberculosis model driven by the novel M72/AS01E vaccine in contaminated environments

To assess the effectiveness of vaccination in contaminated environments, this study introduces a modeling framework that encompasses two transmission routes, namely direct human-to-human contact and indirect human-to-environment contact, as well as the implementation of new M 72/ AS 01 E vaccine. Motivated by this, a coupled age-structured tuberculosis (TB) model is proposed. Its well-posedness requirement is verified using the integrated semigroup theory. Furthermore, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of threshold dynamics associated with the proposed model. Specifically, the global stability of the disease-free and positive steady states is demonstrated by employing Lyapunov functionals. Lastly, the effects of the vaccination with M 72/ AS 01 E and contaminated environments on TB control are numerically simulated. Experimental results indicate that high concentrations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in contaminated environments may somewhat impede TB control efforts, but that large-scale deployment of new vaccine could significantly reduce the prevalence of TB.