Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for Efficient CO2 Capture: Stability, Performance, and Industrial Feasibility

Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as promising materials for efficient CO2 capture, offering high adsorption capacities, reusability, and environmental benefits. These materials exhibit significant potential in addressing global challenges related to sustainable energy transitions and carbon management. However, their widespread industrial application is hindered by challenges such as amine leaching, thermal degradation, and scalability. To enhance the stability and efficiency of amine-functionalized MSNs, strategies such as chemical grafting, polymer hybridization, and pore structure optimization have been explored. Additionally, efforts to improve thermal stability through the development of thermally stable amines, protective coatings, and stabilizing additives have shown promise in mitigating degradation during regeneration cycles. Future research must focus on the development of cost-effective, scalable, and environmentally sustainable synthesis methods, as well as strategies for enhancing adsorption efficiency and selectivity. Furthermore, the integration of CO2 conversion technologies, such as catalytic transformation into value-added chemicals, represents a crucial advancement toward holistic carbon management. This review highlights the recent progress in amine-functionalized MSNs for CO2 capture, discusses key challenges, and outlines future research directions to facilitate their large-scale industrial implementation.