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Functional hydrogels are cutting-edge materials that are important in various fields, such as biomedical engineering, agriculture, pollution control, artificial organs, electronics, and domestic products. They are essential to contemporary scientific and industrial advancements because of their adaptability and versatility. The new synthesis techniques and multidimensional applications of different kinds of hydrogels are the goals of this study. The special qualities of hydrogels are one of the main reasons for their widespread use. Because of their stimulus-responsivity, these materials may alter their properties in response to external environmental signals, including light exposure, pH, and temperature. Their biodegradability and biocompatibility make them appropriate for ecological and medicinal applications, while their intrinsic flexibility guarantees adaptation across many applications. Furthermore, the ability of hydrogels to self-heal and be reused enhances their sustainability and efficiency. The preparation of hydrogels with these unique qualities necessitates exacting preparation methods and cautious raw material selection based on the application. To improve their operation and make sure they satisfy the required performance standards in various sectors, a variety of chemical and physical modifications are used. The functional processes of hydrogels in each sector are thoroughly examined in this review, which offers in-depth information on their interactions, efficacy, and the science underlying their uses. By providing a comprehensive overview, this analysis hopes to provide readers with a solid knowledge of potential hydrogels, empowering them to investigate new avenues for research and optimize their uses across a range of sectors.
Bhuyan et al. (Sun,) studied this question.