Distance Measurement and Energy Conservation Using Arduino Nano and Ultrasonic Sensor

This research work is designed as the distance measurement with energy conservation system using Ultrasonic sensor and Arduino NANO. Ultrasonic sensor emits high frequency sound waves, which reflects from target surfaces. This work utilized these sound waves through Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 to determine the change in distance and to apply it to detect the presence of an obstacle (person in this case), which in turns triggers a light bulb ON. Sonar waves are projected back to the receiving end of the sensor after which electrical pulses emitted from the sensor are sent into the Arduino NANO board, electrical signals are then sent to the LEDs and lighting system (bulbs). This work shows the importance of distance measurement to an automatic, hands-free environment control, efficient use of energy sources, and conservation of energy. The experimental results have shown minimal errors (< 3cm) for distances between 10cm and 100cm as the research deployment is most suitable within these distances. The results also describe the corresponding responses of the control system to the different physical conditions likely to be present. The above processes focus on electrical energy conservation as the light bulb comes ON when a person approaches the sensing system and goes OFF when the person leaves.