Jack of all trades: A multifunctional nanoparticle (MFNP) integrates an upconversion nanoparticle (see picture, green), a layer of iron oxide nanoparticles (black), and a gold shell (red). The system can be used for in vitro targeted upconversion luminescence, magnetic resonance, and light scattering multimodal imaging of cells. The near-infrared optical absorption of MFNPs also enables photothermal destruction of cancer cells.
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Cheng et al. (2011) studied this question.
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