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We investigate mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) to produce the smooth surface of a perovskite film and uniform crystal domains. This ideal morphology from mixed solvents enhances the power conversion efficiency to over 6% by improving the exciton dissociation efficiency and reducing the recombination loss at both interfaces of PEDOT:PSS/perovskite and perovskite/PCBM.
Kim et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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