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Purpose This study examines the effectiveness of robotic simulation training (RST) in improving hospitality graduates' employability through soft and hard technological skill acquisition in automated workplaces. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 548 hospitality technology graduates in the Middle Eastern and North African countries. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to analyze the data. Findings The results showed that RST positively affected the acquisition of both soft and hard technological skills. Such abilities increased the perceived likelihood of labor market entry. The findings indicate that technological skill acquisition represents the primary explanatory pathway through which RST enhances graduates' perceived employability. Nevertheless, industry demand for technological skills does not moderate these relationships. Practical implications The results highlight the importance of incorporating RST into hospitality education programs to prepare graduates for work in automated environments. Simulation-enabled learning environments and competency-based training models are recommended for investment by educational institutions, industry practitioners, and policymakers to bridge the gap between academic preparation and labor market requirements. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by integrating social cognitive and human capital theories to examine the pathway linking RST to perceived employability. It adds a multidimensional approach to understanding technological skill acquisition and provides evidence from developing economies.
Selim et al. (Mon,) studied this question.