Simulating Reentry: Increasing Understanding of Post-Incarceration Barriers Among Undergraduate Students

This study explores the impact of a reentry simulation on undergraduate students’ understanding of barriers faced by formerly incarcerated individuals during their transition back into society. Conducted at a rural university in Pennsylvania, the simulation involved 74 students—both Criminal Justice (CJ) majors/minors and nonmajors—who role-played as returning citizens facing real-world challenges such as securing housing, employment, and mental health support. Pre- and post-surveys measured changes in perception across five barrier categories: Basic Needs, Education, Employment, Mental Health/Substance Abuse, and Life Skills. Results showed significant increases in students’ awareness in most categories, with the largest gains in Basic Needs. CJ students generally entered the simulation with higher baseline awareness, but the simulation positively impacted all participants regardless of major. Findings support the use of high-impact, experiential learning practices like simulations to promote empathy, critical thinking, and real-world application in criminal justice education. Overall, the simulation effectively enhanced student understanding of post-incarceration barriers and holds promise for preparing future professionals to support successful reentry.