Macrofungal Diversity and Funga in Two Forest Types of Motuo Ecosystems, Southwest China

The study on macrofungi diversity in Motuo county, Xizang Autonomous Region, was conducted from 2021 to 2025, and 2286 vouchered fungal collections were obtained from local forest ecosystems. A total of 534 species, representing two phyla, eight classes, 28 orders, 96 families, and 241 genera were identified according to the morphological characters and molecular evidence. The orders Agaricales (174), Polyporales (91), Xylariales (74) and Russulales (69) were the dominant orders, collectively accounting for 76.40% of the total species listed. Fifteen dominant families with more 10 species each were identified, namely Russulaceae (58), Polyporaceae (37), Xylariaceae (34), Hypoxylaceae (30), Boletaceae (17), Psathyrellaceae (13), Mycenaceae (12), Agaricaceae (11), Hymenochaetaceae (11), Auriculariaceae (11), Stromphariaceae (11), Marasmiaceae (10), Omphalotaceae (10), Steccherinaceae (10), and Pleurotaceae (10), which occupied approximately 53.37% of the total species. Additionally, 21 dominant genera with more than five species each were recorded, including Russula (27), Xylaria (25), Hypoxylon (17), Lactarius (16), Lactifluus (15), and other 16 genera (101), accounting for around 37.64% of all species. We further compared species composition, distribution patterns, dominant taxa and trophic modes of macrofungi between tropical monsoon forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. A total of 439 species (82.21%) were endemic to a single forest type, while only 95 species (17.79%) were shared by the two forest habitats. The evergreen broad-leaved forest exhibited slightly higher macrofungal species richness than the tropical monsoon forest in Motuo County. Moreover, it harbored a higher proportion of ectomycorrhizal fungi (25.32% vs. 14.06%) and a lower proportion of saprotrophic fungi (71.52% vs. 83.71%). This study fills the research gap in systematic macrofungal diversity investigation in Motuo County, and provides fundamental data for revealing the evolutionary mechanisms of macrofungi on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau margin and clarifying the biodiversity formation process across the Himalayan region.