Polytropic cosmology in f(Q,ℒm) gravity

The present understanding of the universe is struggling to identify the true behavior of the dynamical dark energy. In this direction, several gravitational frameworks, along with various fluid descriptions such as the cosmological constant, barotropic equation of state (EoS), Bose–Einstein condensate, and Chaplygin gas cosmology, have been investigated. In this paper, we consider a more general form of cosmic fluid, widely known as the polytropic EoS, which encapsulates various equations of state in its particular limits. We study the behavior of missing fluid of the universe by producing observational constraints on the polytropic EoS under the framework of recently proposed [Formula: see text] gravity as the background dynamics. We find the analytical solution of our polytropic [Formula: see text] model, and then we estimate the arbitrary parameters of the model using the CC and latest Pantheon+SH0ES samples. Further, we present the predictions of our model using various cosmological parameters along with a comparison of the obtained [Formula: see text] values with the existing determinations to analyze the level of tension.