Rheological and performance characteristics of asphalt mixtures using waste cooking oil, RAP, and fly ash

Environmental issues arising from the exhaustion of natural aggregates and bituminous materials, combined with increased waste production in industries and municipalities, have necessitated the use of environmentally friendly pavement materials. This study investigates the development of an approach where Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is employed to rejuvenate old bitumen characteristics, RAP is used as recycled aggregate, and FA-BAs with PPF reinforcement are employed in sub-layers of the pavements.Ageing simulation was done through the application of the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test on VG 30 bitumen, and the rejuvenation process was accomplished by employing various amounts of waste cooking oil. A minimum quantity of 0.75% of WCO was observed to restore the properties of the aged binder, such as penetration, ductility, and softening point. FA-BA stabilized soils had a high soaked CBR, whereas fibre reinforcement provided greater stiffness and increased deformation resistance. As far as asphalt mixes containing RAP were concerned, they fulfilled the stipulated standards of the MoRTH in terms of stability and volumetrics.The system enhances pavement performance through efficient loading and reduces stress concentrations. It also greatly decreases the use of virgin material resources through recycling and reuse of industrial and waste products.Moreover, it provides savings in costs and thickness of structure construction, as well as providing environmental protection by decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and waste management. From the findings, WCO, RAP, and coal ash are proven to be sustainable and cost-efficient paving solutions.