Improving the Environmental Performance of Diesel Engines in Tractor Vehicles

The article discusses the issues of ensuring the environmental safety of motor vehicles by reducing the toxicity of diesel exhaust gases through cooling the charge air (CA) after the turbocharger and using catalytic cleaning in the neutralizer designed by Polzunov Altai state technical university. According to the test results for the 13-mode test cycle on a 6HH 15/18 diesel engine, it was found that when the charge air temperature is reduced from 423 to 303 K at full power, although the emissions exceed the permissible values according to EURO and Russian standards, there is a decrease in nitrogen oxide emission rates by a factor of 2,26 to 1,45 for EURO-3 and from 2,26 to 1,21 for Russia, while solid particle emission rates decreased by a factor of 1,4 to 1,1. Therefore, charge CA should be considered as an effective means of influencing the working process. A decrease in the technogenic load on the environment by a factor of 1,39 was observed. When a catalytic converter is installed in the exhaust system, real prospects emerge for meeting EURO-3, EURO-4, and Russian standards for regulated components. Emission indicators for nitrogen oxides decreased by 47%; for carbon monoxide – by 79 %; for hydrocarbons – by 57 %; for particulate matter – by more than three times. The technogenic load when installing the catalytic converter decreased by a factor of 1,98. Conclusions. It has been experimentally confirmed that CA after the turbocharger can reduce NOₓ emissions through its impact on the working process, reduce the technogenic load from harmful substances by a factor of 1,39, and is recommended for meeting EURO and Russian standards in the future. The use of a catalytic converter in the exhaust gas system has reduced the technogenic load from harmful emissions by a factor of 1,98. The application of comprehensive measures, such as charge CAr cooling and catalytic exhaust gas cleaning, is necessary.