Local Performance Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells: Implications and Perspectives

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a leading photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and cost-effectiveness, yet long-term stability and consistent performance remain challenges. This perspective discusses how local structural properties, such as grain boundaries and intragrain defects, and optoelectronic properties, including charge transfer and recombination processes, affect PSC performance, emphasizing the role of advanced imaging and mapping techniques in characterizing these properties. Additionally, the perspective extends to the stability of perovskite materials and devices, exploring how imaging and mapping techniques reveal degradation caused by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, light, and electrical bias. Furthermore, this perspective also discusses the limitations of these local performance analyses, such as characterization scope, resolution, and sensitivity issues, as well as challenges in quantitative analysis. Understanding these constraints is essential for refining local performance analysis methods and advancing perovskite solar cell technology toward more reliable and efficient photovoltaic devices.