Endometrial Cancer: Hormonal Factors, the Perimenopausal “Window of Risk,” and Isoflavones

Often the factors for endometrial cancer (EC) are discussed only in terms of their propensity to be associated with estrogen excess and the importance of inadequate progesterone opposition has received less attention. In this review the dietary and lifestyle factors that are associated with an increased of EC are explored with respect to their effects not only on excessive estrogen levels but also diminished progesterone levels. In addition legume consumption which has been shown to have a protective effect on the of EC is discussed with respect to the possible antiestrogenic effect of isoflavone compounds on the endometrium. Finally the menopausal transition also known as the perimenopause which has recently been characterized as a period of estrogen dominance is highlighted as a possible window of risk for the development of EC. (excerpt)