Mapping the availability of climate and health education in European schools of public health: a baseline assessment for indicator development

Objectives: Climate and health education is increasingly recognised as essential for preparing a climate-competent public health workforce, yet reliable European baseline data remain limited. This cross-sectional study assessed the availability of climate and health education in degree-granting Schools of Public Health across the World Health Organization European Region. Methods: A survey of Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region member institutions was combined with a large-language-model-assisted web scan and manual verification of institutional websites, curricula, syllabi, and programme descriptions. Results: Overall, 268 Schools of Public Health were identified across 53 countries, including 131 ASPHER members and 137 non-members. Of these, 111 institutions (41.4%) offered at least one verified climate and health education programme or course in 2024/2025. Availability was similar among ASPHER members (41%) and non-members (43%). Most identified programmes were offered at master's level, while vocational, bachelor, doctoral, and continuing professional development opportunities were less frequent. Conclusion: Climate and health education is present across much of Europe but remains uneven and concentrated at postgraduate level. The findings provide a verifiable baseline for future monitoring and policy action.