The use of an artificial wetland by Shoveler Anas clypeata in western France : the role of food resources

Sewage works are known to be attractive to waterbirds, especially during the breeding season. The sewage works of Rochefort (Western France) regularly hosts internationally important numbers of wintering Shovelers (> 400 individuals). During the present study the number of Shovelers present over the winter period was related to zooplankton density. Since zooplankton density differed between the eight ponds of the station, we tested if the birds’ spatial distribution reflected food abundance. Pond size and zooplankton abundance were negatively correlated. Ducks concentrated on ponds of intermediate invertebrate richness and intermediate size, suggesting that pond size as well as food abundance affected their distribution. The relative avoidance of large ponds could be due to low resource availability and the avoidance of small ponds with restricted visibility may be related to minimizing the risk of predation. We propose an experimental test of the second hypothesis. If our interpretation is confirmed, then these results have implications for the planning of future sewage treatment works : where use by Shoveler is an objective, ponds should be large (> 5 ha) in order to allow birds to distribute in an optimal manner and thus to use the site to its full potential.