New and little‐known Aphyoditeina (Pisces, Characoidei) from the Amazon Basin∗

Summary One new genus and nine new species of Amazonian Aphyoditeina (Pisces, Chara‐coidei) are described, together with six new records, as follow: Aphyodite grammi‐ca Eigenmann, redescription and new record, Microschemobrycon cf. casiquiare Böhlke, new record, Microschemobrycon cf. callops Böhlke, new record, Microschemobrycon cf. melanotus (Eigenmann), new record, Microschemobrycon geisleri sp.nov., Microschemobrycon elongatus sp.nov. (with a key to the genus Microschemobrycon), Aphyocharacidium bolivianum sp.nov., Macropsobrycon xinguen‐sis sp.nov., Axelrodia lindae sp.nov. (with a key to the genus Axelrodia), Brittanichthys axelrodi Géry, new record, Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke, new record, Tyttobrycon gen.nov., type‐species Tyttobrycon xeruini sp.nov., Tyttobrycon dor‐simaculatus sp.nov., Tyttobrycon spinosus sp. nov. and Tyttobrycon hamatus sp.nov., with a key to the genus Tyttobrycon.