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Operation of rechargeable batteries at ultralow temperature is a significant practical problem because of poor kinetics of the electrode. Here, we report for the first time stabilized multiphase conversions for fast kinetics and long-term durability in ultralow-temperature, organic-sodium batteries. We establish that disodium rhodizonate organic electrode in conjunction with single-layer graphene oxide obviates consumption of organic radical intermediates, and demonstrate as a result that the newly designed organic electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance of a highly significant capacity of 130 mAh g –1 at −50 °C. We evidence that the full-cell configuration coupled with Prussian blue analogues exhibits exceptional cycling stability of >7000 cycles at −40 °C while maintaining a discharge capacity of 101 mAh g –1 at a high current density 300 mA g –1 . We show this is among the best reported ultralow-temperature performance for nonaqueous batteries, and importantly, the pouch cell exhibits a continuous power supply despite conditions of −50 °C. This work sheds light on the distinct energy storage characteristics of organic electrode and opens up new avenues for the development of reliable and sustainable ultralow-temperature batteries.
Xu et al. (Wed,) studied this question.