Shows new proofs and uniqueness of the stable Hopf invariant in discrete groups, suggesting extended applications.
We present a simplified approach to the stable Hopf invariant. We provide short elementary proofs of the Cartan formula, the composition formula, and the transfer formula. In addition, when pi π π is a discrete group, we show how to extend these results to the stable category of pi π π -spaces. We also consider the extent to which the stable Hopf invariant is unique.
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John R. Klein (2026) studied this question.
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