Optimizing the Swelling Degree of Rubber and Enhancing Its Operational Properties Using Cellulose Fibers Derived From Wild Barley Straw

This study investigates the optimization of the swelling degree of rubber compositions and theenhancement of their operational properties through the strategic incorporation of cellulose fibers derived from wild barley (Hordeumspontaneum) straw. In modern polymer science, replacing synthetic additiveswith environmentally sustainable fillers from local sources holdssignificant ecological and economic importance. This research evaluates the synergistic effect of cellulose obtained from wild barley when introduced into elastomer matrices along with technical-grade carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The experimental methodology involved isolating cellulose through the chemical treatment of agricultural waste and systematically incorporating it into the rubber mixture at various concentrations. It has been conclusively demonstrated that these natural cellulose fibers functionas both a reinforcing filler and a structural modifier. The primary focus of the research was on the material's performance in aggressive hydrocarbon environments. The results revealed a significant reduction in the degree of swelling when exposed to oil and gasoline, which in turn indicates a higher cross-link density between the fiber and the polymer matrix, as well as improved interfacial adhesion. Furthermore, mechanical tests demonstrated a considerable increase in tensile strength and hardness, resulting in a nearly twofold improvement in the operational durability of the resulting technical rubber products. The cellulose fibers reinforce the elastomer structure, reduce molecular mobility, and thereby prevent its premature degradation. This proposed technology not only paves the way for the creation of high-value-added industrial products but also promotes the principle of "green chemistry" by converting local plant waste into high-performance materials for the automotive and industrial sectors.