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The prevalence of diabetes is rising every year, and the present ways of keeping track of blood glucose levels are intrusive, costly, and painful. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of developments in glucose monitoring devices focusing on the topic of diabetes. This study shows the usefulness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in the management of diabetes, which is again a strong reason for preferring Non-invasive(NI) measurements over the more conventional but less comfortable invasive ones. For glucose monitoring, the study incessantly characterizes the current and developing technologies between invasive, minimally, and noninvasive technologies as well as providing an overview of the advancement, existing, and used commercial applications for each category. The systematic review involved browsing databases such as the ACM Digital Library, Elsevier Library, WOS, and IEEE, whereby after going through 320 related papers the study highlighted 41 quality papers. The application of Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring (NIBGM) technologies such as optical, microwave, and nano-based sensors are representative of an effective way to improve diabetes care due to their painless and continuous characteristics. In addition, the current research has given a details discussion of innovations such as smart wearables, breath analyzers, and saliva-based sensors that have been introduced recently in the market and explore future research areas that may improve the accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity of the NIBGM devices. This work is special since the International Diabetes Federation estimates three hundred and twenty-two million people living with type II diabetes, and it leads to 1. 5 million deaths annually. Despite the standard single-CGM systems’ excellent accuracy, the findings indicate that combining them with numerous NI techniques could lead to a better, more dependable, and more affordable solution. This, in turn, would improve patient compliance and quality of life.
Ghosh et al. (Mon,) studied this question.