Resilience assessment of interdependent urban infrastructure systems under intensifying typhoon scenarios: Comparing recovery strategies for coupled networks

This study assesses the resilience of interdependent traffic and power infrastructure systems under intensifying typhoon scenarios and systematically compares recovery strategies for these coupled networks. Using Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, as a case study, we developed a comprehensive simulation framework incorporating Monte Carlo analysis to evaluate system performance under wind speed increases of 5%–20%, representing potential future typhoon intensification patterns. The framework explicitly models functional, spatial, and restoration interdependencies between traffic and power networks, quantifying cascading failure mechanisms and their propagation dynamics across systems. Results demonstrate that interdependencies dramatically amplify disaster impacts, extending traffic network recovery time by 239% and power network by 18.3%. Under 20% wind speed increases, system robustness decreases by 3.53% for traffic and 2.87% for power networks, with recovery durations extending approximately 20 additional days for both systems. Comparative analysis of four distinct recovery strategies reveals that facility importance-oriented approaches achieve optimal performance, reducing power network recovery time by 26.8% compared to shortest repair time strategies, while traffic networks show the highest resilience under long repair time-oriented strategies. Multi-typhoon simulations reveal that systems frequently operate below full capacity during peak typhoon season (June–October), with incomplete recovery between successive events creating compound vulnerabilities. These quantified findings provide critical evidence for prioritizing infrastructure investments and developing integrated recovery strategies that effectively account for complex system interdependencies under increasing typhoon intensities.