were significantly and positively related, likewise for all other cortisol-to-testosterone variable comparisons (partial r = 0.19-0.45). In summary, substantial daily variation emerged in the relative CAR and TAR, especially in elite male athletes. However, only elite athletes presented positive CAR and TAR relationships that extended to their constituent components. These signals could represent a coordinated system to prepare for and respond to daily stressors in elite sport, which also offers a complex regulatory mechanism for controlling the CAR.
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Crewther et al. (2025) studied this question.
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