Iontronics-configured neuromorphic materials and transistors for intelligent perception

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has placed increasingly high demands on intelligent perception systems. Conventional sensing frameworks adopt a separated mode of signal acquisition, transmission, and post-processing, which restricts the low-power and real-time implementation of intelligent perception. Ion-driven neuromorphic transistors, featuring learning, memory, temporal integration, threshold triggering, and reconfigurable neural characteristics, have emerged as an appealing candidate for replicating biological intelligent sensory systems. This review elaborates on the fundamental device architecture and ion-modulation principles of neuromorphic materials and transistors, and summarizes performance modulation strategies via the rational design of channel materials, electrolytes, and interfacial engineering. We then highlight the typical neuromorphic functionalities derived from ion–electron coupling, and discuss the integration of such devices with sensors for intelligent perception, as well as their promising applications in wearable health monitoring, robotic closed-loop control, and biointerface sensing. Future research directions are prospected, providing guidelines for the development and practical deployment of ion-driven neuromorphic devices toward low-power intelligent perception hardware.