The physiological stress imposed upon a wild animal during the winter months is among the most critical in the organism's life (West 1960; Sturkie 1965; Brocke 1968; Gordon 1968). Kendeigh (1944) stated that temperature is one of the most important environmental factors controlling distribution, migration, abundance, and time and extent of breeding of wild birds under normal outdoor conditions. Lefebvre and Raveling (1967) have related the distribution of two races of the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) in winter to body size and corresponding estimates of heat loss. Temperature as well as other abiotic factors have been correlated to
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Smith et al. (1973) studied this question.
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