Application of a Method for Estimating Day of Ovulation Using Urinary Estrogen and Progesterone Metabolites

Longitudinal epidemiologic studies of menstrual and reproductive function are more informative if one can identify day of ovulation. We previously developed a method for estimating day of ovulation that is feasible for epidemiologic studies. The method relies on the relative concentrations of estrogen and progesterone metabolites in daily first-morning urine specimens and does not require creatinine adjustment. This paper describes results of applying this method to a large study with 724 menstrual cycles from 217 women. The method estimated a credible day of ovulation in 88% of cycles. Missing data accounted for most of the failures. When we excluded anovulatory cycles (1%) and cycles with missing data, the method estimated a day of ovulation in 97% of cycles. Variance in luteal phase length was small for our sample, suggesting that this method of identifying a day of ovulation introduces no more measurement error than when day of ovulation is determined by plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), the standard clinical method.