Exploring the discursive concept of mental health and wellbeing within England’s Primary curriculum

This paper offers a discourse-focused analysis of how mental health and wellbeing are constructed within England’s primary education policy. Using mixed methods that combine quantitative content analysis with discursive psychology thematic analysis, it examined statutory National Curriculum frameworks for Key Stages 1–2 and the Early Years Foundation Stage, alongside government guidance documents for primary schools. Quantitative analysis revealed a striking absence of mental health terminology from statutory frameworks, with ‘mental health’ appearing zero times across the frameworks. However, a thematic discourse analysis of supplementary government guidance identified three main constructions: the medicalisation of mental health, individualisation of responsibility, and the complex connection between physical and mental health. These findings highlight a paradox where mental health is absent from statutory requirements yet extensively addressed through supplementary guidance, creating a ‘hidden curriculum’ that positions schools and educators as surveillance tools for identification and referral rather than as supportive communities. The analysis suggests that seemingly progressive mental health policies may embed problematic discourses that influence children’s and teachers’ efficacy in supporting mental health in classrooms.