The simultaneous use of Emotional suppression and Situation selection to regulate emotions incrementally favors physiological responses

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Illustration of the four conditions for testing the impact of Situation selection, Suppression, or both. Each condition included positive and negative trials. A posteriori, all trials of a particular valence were analyzed separately for each of the four conditions. Each participant had a different distribution of images in each of the conditions due to semi-random assignment of pictures to the conditions. Emotional responses were compiled for each of the eight trial types (valence × chosen/imposed × suppression/no suppression) and analyzed during the 8-s duration of each trial. Please note that the images shown here are for illustration purposes and are not part of the GAPED. These images were taken from www.pixabay.com and are free of copyright

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  Fig. 2. Effects of regulation on negative emotional experience. Are considered the main effect of Suppression (a), the main effect of Situation selection (b), or the contrast of the Unregulated condition with the Double regulation condition (c). The error bars are SEM. Ns = not significant, *p < .05, **p < .01

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  Fig. 3. Effects of regulation on heart rate changes as compared to trial baseline level during negative (a, b, and c) and positive (d, e, and f) trials. Are considered the interaction between Time and Suppression (a and d), the interaction between Time and Situation selection (b and e), and the contrast between the Unregulated condition and the use of either one or the other strategy and to the Double regulation condition, in the period spanning between 3 s (c) or 4 s (e) and 8 s after image onset. The error bars are SEM. Ns = not significant, *p < .05, * in c and f represent significance of contrasts with each of the three other conditions

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  Fig. 4. Effects of Situation selection on skin conductance level changes. Are depicted the reactions during the 8 s of the picture viewing for negative trials (a) and positive trial (b). *p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons. Diamond ended lines indicate span of significant differences between the ‘Imposed’ conditions and the ‘Chosen’ conditions

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  Fig. 5. Effects of regulation on respiratory rate changes as compared to trial baseline level during negative (a, b, and c) and positive (d, e, and f) trials. Are considered the interaction between Time and Suppression (a and d), the interaction between Time and Situation selection (b and e), and the contrast between the Unregulated condition and the single strategy conditions (Situation selection or Suppression) as well as the Double regulation condition, in the period spanning between 5 s (c) or 4.5 s (f) and 8 s after image onset. The error bars are SEM. *p < .05, * in c and f represent significance of contrasts with each of the three other conditions

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  Fig. 6. Effects of regulation on the respiratory amplitude change (in mV) as compared to trial baseline level. Are considered the interaction between Time and Situation selection during negative viewing (a), the interaction between Time and Situation selection during positive viewing (b), and the interaction between Time and Suppression during positive viewing (c). *p < .05, with Holm-Bonferroni corrections

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  Fig. 7. Effects of single and double regulation on changes in respiratory amplitude (in mV) as compared to trial baseline level. Are considered the negative viewing (a) and the positive viewing (b). Contrasts were calculated only for positive viewing (b) since the interaction Situation selection × Suppression was significant only for this valence. The error bars are SEM. **p < .01, with Holm-Bonferroni corrections