Digital construction site layout planning and real-time trajectory analysis for proactive safety monitoring and control of struck-by hazards

Poor construction worksite conditions cause many Serious Injuries and Fatalities (SIF). This paper introduces the Right-time Analysis and Mitigation (RAM) module as part of the Digital Twin for Construction Safety (DTCS) concept. RAM (a) leverages safety rule-based compliance checking of construction layout plans in Building Information Modeling (called safeBIM) and (b) records and analyzes resource trajectory data involved in potential struck-by incidents using wearable and mobile Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems (RTK-GNSS) technology. RAM further (c) provides new access to unprecedented information and gives detailed insights into human-machine interactions that (d) permit rapid implementation of change by targeted control. Results from real-life validations create an in-depth understanding of the potential root causes that often lead to harmful struck-by incidents. While the proposed DTCS technology contributes data input and information output, the change in safety management processes leads to safer work practices. Both prevent SIF that plague the construction sector.