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Natural biomaterials have gained significant attention in modern dentistry due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. These materials, including alginate, cellulose, chitosan, collagen, and hydroxyapatite, have been widely explored for their applications in stomatology. They play a crucial role in periodontal disease treatment, caries prevention, and implantology, providing an alternative to synthetic materials. Natural polymers such as chitosan and cellulose are utilized in drug delivery systems and tissue regeneration, while hydroxyapatite serves as a bone substitute due to its osteoconductive properties. Collagen-based scaffolds and coatings enhance periodontal and bone tissue regeneration. Additionally, bioengineered and chemically modified biomaterials offer improved mechanical and biological characteristics, expanding their clinical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the biological properties, advantages, and limitations of selected natural biomaterials in dentistry. It explores their applications in various aspects of stomatology, including periodontal disease prevention and regeneration, dental caries prevention, bone substitutes in implantology, and dental implant coating. Although natural biomaterials exhibit promising properties, further research is necessary to refine their performance, enhance stability, and ensure long-term safety. Advancements in nanotechnology and bioengineering continue to drive the development of innovative natural biomaterials, paving the way for more effective and biocompatible dental therapies.
Paczkowska‐Walendowska et al. (Mon,) studied this question.