Key result
Radiopaque degradable PVA hydrogels synthesized by replacing 0.5% of pendent alcohol groups with 4-iodobenzoylchloride degraded over 140 days and were appropriate for injection.
The development of radiopaque, degradable PVA hydrogels allows for precise localization via X-ray fluoroscopy and eventual degradation, showing potential for injectable biomedical applications.
Enables image-guided injection of degradable hydrogels in animal models; leaves open clinical translation.
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels are highly attractive for biomedical applications, especially for controlled release of drugs and proteins. Recently, degradable PVA hydrogels have been described, having the advantage that the material disappears over time from the implantation site. Herein, we report the synthesis of radiopaque degradable PVA, which gives a further advantage that the position of the hydrogel can precisely be determined by X-ray fluoroscopy. Radiopacity has been introduced by replacing 0.5% of the pendent alcohol groups on the PVA with 4-iodobenzoylchloride. This level of substitution rendered the polymer adequately radiopaque. The subsequent modification of 0.8% of the pendent hydroxyl groups with an ester acrylate functional group allowed for cross-linking of the macromers. The radiopaque hydrogels degraded over a time span of 140 days. Rheology data suggested that the macromer solutions were appropriate for injection.
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Mawad et al. (2007) studied this question. Radiopaque degradable PVA hydrogels was evaluated on Radiopacity and degradation time. Radiopaque degradable PVA hydrogels synthesized by replacing 0.5% of pendent alcohol groups with 4-iodobenzoylchloride degraded over 140 days and were appropriate for injection.
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