Volcanic SO₂, BrO and plume height estimations using GOME‐2 satellite measurements during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in May 2010

The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland, in April and May 2010 caused unprecedented disruptions of European air traffic showing that timely monitoring of volcanic ash and SO 2 dispersion as well as the corresponding plume heights are important for aviation safety. This paper describes the observations of SO 2 and BrO columns in the eruption plume and the determination of the SO 2 plume height using the GOME‐2 satellite instrument. During the eruptive period in May 2010, SO 2 total columns of up to ∼20 DU and BrO columns of ∼7.7 × 10 13 molec/cm 2 were detected. The BrO/SO 2 ratio estimated from the GOME‐2 observations of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption varies from 1.1 × 10 −4 to 2.1 × 10 −4 . The SO 2 plume heights estimated from the GOME‐2 observations on 5 May range from 8–13 km and mostly agree within 1–3 km with visual observations, radar data and modeling results. Furthermore, the GOME‐2 SO 2 observations are compared with in situ measurements of the DLR Falcon aircraft on 17 and 18 May 2010 and with Brewer instruments at Valentia, Ireland and Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. The SO 2 columns derived from the Falcon profile measurements range from 0.6–4.7 DU and the comparison with the GOME‐2 measurements shows a good agreement, mainly within 1 DU. The Brewer observations at Hohenpeissenberg also agree well with the GOME‐2 measurements with a daily average SO 2 column of ∼1.3 DU during the overpass of the SO 2 cloud on 18 May, whereas the Brewer instrument at Valentia shows up to 50% higher SO 2 columns (∼8 DU) on 11 May.