A Novel Stochastic Blockchain-Based Energy Management in Smart Cities Using V2S and V2G

This paper proposes a secure management framework for optimal scheduling and operation of energy systems in smart cities, which will bring balance in modern power systems. The expanded infiltration of energy systems along with stochastic performance and high data transfer rate can bring new challenges that may severely affect precise energy management. This research work investigates the optimal and secure operation of energy systems in the presence of smart transportation systems in a correlated energy system. To achieve the maximum efficiency from the transportation system, the ideas of vehicle-to-subway (V2S) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) are utilized to develop a bilateral power flow strategy (charging/discharging or idle mode) to provide the chief charging requirements of energy systems. In this regard, the proposed model suggests a novel stochastic architecture based on unscented transformation (UT) to handle the operational uncertainties of the transportation systems when considering the correlated power generation of wind turbines (WTs). Moreover, blockchain technology is deployed to guarantee the security of data transfer within the smart city. Hence, there is a secure collaboration within all sub-systems in the smart cities, which has triggered the integrated management in this structure. The simulation results are discussed on a typical smart city test system to show the quality of the proposed model.