Graph Algorithm-Based Key Personnel Identification and Transformer-GAN Anomaly Detection for Data Security Governance in Large State-Owned Enterprises

To address the challenges of data security governance under new conditions and align with technological trends in data security, this paper proposes a graph algorithm-based method for identifying key personnel with critical permissions in the practical applications of large state-owned enterprises. This method can uncover potential permission influence factors within the system and evaluate the weight of influence from different perspectives, providing highly interpretable identification results. To tackle the issue of detecting anomalous user and entity behaviors in data security governance, a user and entity behavior anomaly detection method based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) is introduced. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher precision, recall, and F1-score averages compared to baseline models; specifically, an average F1-score of 0.75 versus 0.72 for LSTM-based TadGAN, 0.62 for ARIMA, and 0.65 for a commercial UEBA baseline across the three evaluation datasets. A data security platform was designed and developed, which plays a significant role in reducing data security risks, assisting enterprise compliance, and promoting data development and utilization. This platform has been applied in various centralized data management projects and meets the big data processing requirements in secure environments, demonstrating strong application and promotional value.