Anatomical mechanism for forming hydrodynamic conditions of the blood flow organization in heart cavities

Studying the regularities of organization of hemodynamic conditions in the heart cavities is a complex issue, since this organ has a complex geometric configuration and applying classical theories of hydrodynamics leads to significant contradictions, which are the object of discussion. Currently, researchers tend to vortex (tornado-like) organization of blood flow movement in the heart. A vortex organization is understood as a flow structure with circular or swirling movement of blood around a virtual central axis, which provides it with the ability to accumulate kinetic energy (KE) during swirling. At the same time, the swirling movement of blood should be distinguished from the turbulent one, which is characterized by the chaotic movement of vortices of different magnitudes and the dissipation of KE. The purpose of this review is to summarize the results and conclusions of studies on the anatomical mechanism of forming the conditions for the organization of swirling blood flow in the left ventricle (LV), as well as clinical evaluation and methods of studying swirling flows in patients.