Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traditional Architectural Forms and Spaces in Ogoni Communities

The traditional architectural forms and spaces of Ogoni communities embody the cultural identity, social organization, and environmental adaptation of the people. However, these indigenous architectural traditions are increasingly being transformed by modernization and changing socio-economic conditions. This study assessed the factors contributing to the decline of traditional architectural forms and spaces in selected Ogoni communities of Rivers State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 384 household heads using structured questionnaires, complemented by semi-structured interviews with traditional rulers, community elders, architects, and cultural heritage experts, as well as field observations and photographic documentation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Relative Importance Index (RII), while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that the availability of modern construction materials (Mean = 4.44; RII = 0.89), intergenerational preference for modern housing (Mean = 4.35; RII = 0.87), the desire for social status (Mean = 4.32; RII = 0.86), environmental challenges (Mean = 4.31; RII = 0.86), and urban migration (Mean = 4.27; RII = 0.85) were the most significant factors driving the decline of traditional architecture. Qualitative evidence further showed that modernization, Western cultural influence, and limited institutional support have encouraged the replacement of indigenous buildings with contemporary structures. Nevertheless, traditional communal spaces are increasingly being adapted into hybrid architectural forms that preserve their social functions while incorporating modern materials. The study concludes that the transformation of Ogoni architecture represents an adaptation to contemporary realities rather than a complete abandonment of indigenous traditions. It recommends strengthening heritage conservation policies, promoting the use of indigenous architectural principles in contemporary design, supporting traditional artisans, and increasing community awareness to ensure the preservation of Ogoni architectural heritage.