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A high voltage (1.38 V) total organic aqueous redox flow battery is reported using 1,1'-bis3-(trimethylammonio)propyl-4,4'-bipyridinium tetrachloride ((NPr)2V) as an anolyte and 4-trimethylammonium-TEMPO chloride (NMe-TEMPO) as a catholyte. The exceptional radical stability of (NPr)2V+˙ enabled the flow battery in achieving 97.48% capacity retention for 500 cycles and a power density of 128.2 mW cm-2.
Hu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.