As Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) become more prevalent, new forms of interaction are required. It was suggested that IPv6 Routing Protocols for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) be used to simplify connectivity among such low-powered gadgets. The main aspect of the proposed work is to achieve better routing performance and enhance the routing quality with the utilization of various constraints in the objective function. While building the RPL network, some of the parameters are optimized by Artificial Gorilla Troops with the African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (HAGT-AVOA) to enhance the routing performance. Thus, the novel network is built with objective measures such as energy, Expected Transmission Count (ETX), throughput, Link Quality Indicator (LQI), Received Signal Strength (RSSI), and hop count. Thus, the designed RPL network aims to satisfy the following factors, such as enhancing the more packet delivery, link quality, energy consumption, and managing the power. Hence, the performance is validated, and its results are compared with existing techniques. Based on the validation phase, the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of the designed model is 96.87, which is better than traditional models. Thus, the findings demonstrate that it provides better routing performance in the RPL network.
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Nainwal et al. (2026) studied this question.
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